![]() ![]() How many output bit after the first round have actually changed compared to the case when the plaintext is all zero? (Observe that we only consider a single round here.What is the output after the first round?.What is the minimum number of output bits of the S-boxes that will change according to the S-box design criteria?.How many S-boxes get different inputs compared to the case when an all-zero plaintext is provided?.(Note that the input word has to run through the initial permutation.) We apply an input word that has a “1” at bit position 57 and all other bits as well as the key are zero. We try now to get a feeling for the avalanche property of DES. Remember that it is desirable for good block ciphers that a change in one input bit affects many output bits, a property that is called diffusion or the avalanche effect. Cryptography understanding-cryptography even-numbered-solutions ![]()
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